Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
(PGD) in IVF
The selection of ‘normal or Euploid’ embryo(s) following
genetic testing before a transfer procedure.
How Does PGD Work During In Vitro Fertilization?
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for single-gene disorders and chromosomal abnormalities involves a step-by-step process:
- PGD IVF Cycle Initiation: The IVF cycle begins with ovarian stimulation to retrieve multiple eggs.
- Fertilisation: Eggs are fertilised in the lab to create embryos.
- Embryo Biopsy: A few cells are taken from each embryo at the blastocyst stage.
- Genetic Screening of Embryos: The cells are tested for genetic mutations and chromosomal abnormalities.
- Selection of Healthy Embryos: Only embryos free from the targeted genetic disorder are selected.
- Embryo Transfer: A healthy embryo is transferred into the uterus for implantation.
- Freezing of Additional Embryos: Viable embryos that are not used can be frozen for future use.
This process ensures that only embryos without genetic diseases are implanted, improving the success rate of IVF and reducing the likelihood of miscarriage.
PGD Genetic Testing for Single-Gene Disorders
Preimplantation testing for single-gene disorders is a powerful tool for detecting conditions caused by mutations in a single gene. These include:
- Thalassemia
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Huntington’s Disease
- Muscular Dystrophy
- Inherited Cancer Predispositions
- Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Hemophilia
- Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
- Fragile-X Syndrome
Risks Associated with PGD During IVF
Although PGD offers significant advantages, there are some risks:
- Not All Embryos Survive the Biopsy Process: Some embryos may not develop to the biopsy stage, reducing the number available for transfer.
- No Genetically Suitable Embryos: In some cases, none of the tested embryos may be free from the targeted genetic disorder.
- Small Risk of Misdiagnosis: Although rare, there is a possibility of misdiagnosing an embryo.
- Ethical and Emotional Considerations: The process of selecting embryos based on genetic makeup may be emotionally challenging for some couples.
Your genetic counselor will discuss all potential risks and guide you through the process to ensure informed decision-making.
Cost of Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Embryos
The cost of preimplantation genetic testing varies based on factors such as the type of genetic screening required and the number of embryos tested. Key considerations include:
- Comprehensive PGD Panel Costs: Testing for multiple conditions can increase the overall expense.
- Additional IVF Costs: PGD is an additional procedure within the IVF cycle.
- Insurance Coverage: Some health insurance providers may cover preimplantation genetic diagnosis if medically necessary.
To determine if insurance covers preimplantation genetic testing, consult with your provider.
- What are the risks associated with PGD during IVF?
Potential risks include a reduced number of viable embryos, a small chance of misdiagnosis, and emotional considerations.
- How accurate is preimplantation genetic diagnosis in detecting genetic conditions?
PGD is highly accurate, with an error rate of less than 1% when conducted correctly.
- What is the difference between PGD and preimplantation genetic screening (PGS)?
PGD focuses on specific genetic disorders, while preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) assesses overall chromosomal health.
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Why Choose Us?
Here are some facts about your fertility journey with us that we’d like to share with you:
Every evaluation and treatment plan is uniquely tailored to meet your individual needs
You will have access to leading professionals, with over 35 years combined expertise, providing you with confidence and reassurance in your fertility diagnosis and subsequent treatment
Our multidisciplinary team includes specialists in fertility, urology, nutrition, counselling, genetics, endocrinology, haematology and weight management to provide a comprehensive range of support as and when you need it
We will work with you closely to understand your individual circumstances, identify any problems and agree with you, the best course of action to help make your dream a reality
We will always be honest and open about your chances of success with treatment.
Your comfort and care is always our top priority
Our focus remains entirely on you as an individual, your unique needs and your wellbeing
All investigations and treatments are provided within our new state-of-the-art clinic based in Elstree which offers a spacious environment with comfortable surroundings, to enhance your care and experience. We offer investigations and scans at our satellite locations too.
Our friendly consultant-led team is here to support you at every step throughout your fertility journey
